1 Kings 21:8

Authorized King James Version

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So she wrote letters in Ahab's name, and sealed them with his seal, and sent the letters unto the elders and to the nobles that were in his city, dwelling with Naboth.

Original Language Analysis

וַתִּכְתֹּ֤ב So she wrote H3789
וַתִּכְתֹּ֤ב So she wrote
Strong's: H3789
Word #: 1 of 17
to grave, by implication, to write (describe, inscribe, prescribe, subscribe)
הסְפָרִ֗ים letters H5612
הסְפָרִ֗ים letters
Strong's: H5612
Word #: 2 of 17
properly, writing (the art or a document); by implication, a book
בְּשֵׁ֣ם ~ H8034
בְּשֵׁ֣ם ~
Strong's: H8034
Word #: 3 of 17
an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
אַחְאָ֔ב in Ahab's H256
אַחְאָ֔ב in Ahab's
Strong's: H256
Word #: 4 of 17
achab, the name of a king of israel and of a prophet at babylon
וַתַּחְתֹּ֖ם them with his seal H2368
וַתַּחְתֹּ֖ם them with his seal
Strong's: H2368
Word #: 5 of 17
a signature-ring
בְּחֹֽתָמ֑וֹ and sealed H2856
בְּחֹֽתָמ֑וֹ and sealed
Strong's: H2856
Word #: 6 of 17
to close up; especially to seal
וַתִּשְׁלַ֣ח and sent H7971
וַתִּשְׁלַ֣ח and sent
Strong's: H7971
Word #: 7 of 17
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
הסְפָרִ֗ים letters H5612
הסְפָרִ֗ים letters
Strong's: H5612
Word #: 8 of 17
properly, writing (the art or a document); by implication, a book
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 9 of 17
near, with or among; often in general, to
הַזְקֵנִ֤ים unto the elders H2205
הַזְקֵנִ֤ים unto the elders
Strong's: H2205
Word #: 10 of 17
old
וְאֶל H413
וְאֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 11 of 17
near, with or among; often in general, to
הַֽחֹרִים֙ and to the nobles H2715
הַֽחֹרִים֙ and to the nobles
Strong's: H2715
Word #: 12 of 17
properly, white or pure (from the cleansing or shining power of fire; hence (figuratively) noble (in rank)
אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 13 of 17
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
בְּעִיר֔וֹ that were in his city H5892
בְּעִיר֔וֹ that were in his city
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 14 of 17
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
הַיֹּֽשְׁבִ֖ים dwelling H3427
הַיֹּֽשְׁבִ֖ים dwelling
Strong's: H3427
Word #: 15 of 17
properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
אֶת H854
אֶת
Strong's: H854
Word #: 16 of 17
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
נָבֽוֹת׃ with Naboth H5022
נָבֽוֹת׃ with Naboth
Strong's: H5022
Word #: 17 of 17
naboth, an israelite

Analysis & Commentary

So she wrote letters in Ahab's name, and sealed them with his seal, and sent the letters unto the elders and to the nobles that were in his city, dwelling with Naboth.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of naboth's vineyard, within the book's focus on prophetic ministry of Elijah confronting Baalism.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Elijah's ministry (c. 860-850 BCE) occurred during Ahab's reign, a time of intense spiritual crisis in Israel.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Questions for Reflection

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